A straight answer

My 4-year-old hits when he's frustrated. How do I make it stop?

Alexis Davis, LICSW. Parenting consultation, Medford MA and Greater Boston.

A four-year-old who hits when he's frustrated is not a bad kid, and you're not a bad parent. At this age the feeling arrives faster than the words for it. It's common, and it changes, because the fix is a skill, and four-year-olds learn skills fast.

Why he hits

His sister has the truck he wants. He's too frustrated to find the words, so he hits. Hitting also tends to work: the truck appears, or his sister leaves. And it always gets a reaction. Those payoffs keep it going.

Right after a hit

Step in, separate, and say one calm line: "No hitting. Hitting hurts." Then turn your attention to the child who was hit, not the one who hit. The hitter gets no audience, and the hurt child gets the comfort. Every adult who cares for him should respond the same way, in the same calm voice.

Teach what to do instead

Hitting stops for good when something else takes its place: words like "I'm mad!" or "My turn next!", practiced when everyone is calm. Then catch him using them and name it right away. That moment matters most. I have two boys, so I've pried my share of trucks out of small fists. It's easier to stay calm enough to catch it when you're not running on empty, so make room for your own time too.

Why I do it this way

None of this is my opinion. Each step comes from programs with decades of research behind them. Here is the research, in plain words, with the study under each one.

  1. Words for the feeling

    In a randomized trial of 216 parents of four- and five-year-olds, teaching parents to coach their children's emotions led both parents and teachers to report fewer behavior problems afterward.

    Source: Havighurst and colleagues, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2010

  2. Praise the replacement, every time

    Across 154 parenting trials, praise was among the techniques most tied to results, which is why catching him using his words is the heart of this plan.

    Source: Leijten and colleagues, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019

  3. One calm response from every adult, never a harsh one

    The Incredible Years program behind this plan has been tested in 50 controlled studies, and the American Academy of Pediatrics finds that yelling at or shaming children is not effective in the long term.

    Source: Menting and colleagues, Clinical Psychology Review, 2013; Sege and Siegel, Pediatrics, 2018

When to call your pediatrician instead

Talk to your pediatrician if he's injuring other children or animals, if the hitting comes with other big changes in sleep, speech, or play, or if you've run the same plan for a month and nothing has changed. Those are a doctor's questions. This page is parenting consultation, not therapy and not a diagnosis.

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